Feb 10
In addition to the chemical terms here is a list of some Vocabulary related to physics. Here too, the list is very random and, here too, the average language learner will fortunately never need it, but maybe it is helpful for someone. Leave a comment, if you were looking for a specific term that you could not find so that I can update the list! And for all Physics haters that have bravely read until here, now is the time to quickly go to another site…
振幅 - amplitude
周期 - period
频率 - frequency
质点 - mass point
参考系 - reference frame
坐标系 - coordinate system
路程 - path
位移 - displacement
矢量 - vector
标量 - scalar
速度 - velocity
速率 - speed
平均速度 - average velocity
瞬间速度 - instantaneous velocity
加速度 - acceleration
自由落体运动 - free fall motion
自由落体加速度 - free fallacceleration
重力加速度 - gravitational acceleration
力 - force
分力 - components of force
合力 - resultant force
力的合成 - composition of force
力的分解 - resolution of force
重力 - gravity
重心 - center of gravity
万有引力 - gravitation
弹力 - elastic force
弹性形变 - elastic deformation
弹性限 - elastic limit
摩擦力 - frictional force
静摩擦力 - static frictional force
滑动摩擦力 - sliding frictional force
动摩擦因素 - dynamic friction factor
运动学 - kinematics
动力学 - dynamics
牛顿 - Newton
牛顿运动定律 - Newton’s laws of motion
惯性定律 - Law of inertia
抛体运动 - projectile motion
线速度 - linear velocity
匀速圆周运动 - uniform circular motion
向心力 - centripetal force
向心加速度 - centripetal acceleration
宇宙速度 - cosmic velocity
万有引力定律 - law of universal gravitation
能/ 能量 - energy
势能 - potential energy
动能 - kinetic energy
功 - work
做功 - to do work
焦耳 - Joule
功率 - power
机械能守恒定律 - law of conservation of mechanical energy
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Dec 18
Since I had to go through some chemistry books in Chinese recently, I made a list of some chemical terms and their translation Chinese->German->English. Originally it was just as a help for myself, but here I will share it on my blog. Of course the average language learner will fortunately never need it, but maybe it’s helpful for someone out there… Who knows?
原子 - Atom - atom
分子 - Molekül - molecule
化合物 - chemische Verbindung - chemical compound
离子 - Ion - ion
元素 - Element - element
元素周期表 - Periodensystem der Elemente (PSE) - table of the elements
电子 - Elektron - electron
质子 - Proton - proton
中子 - Neutron - neutron
卤素 - Halogene - halogen
溴 - Brom - bromine
铜 - Kupfer - copper
铁 - Eisen - iron
镁 - Magnesium - magnesium
铝 - Aluminium - aluminum
碳 - Kohlenstoff - carbon
磷 - Phosphor - phosphorus
硅 - Silikon - silicone
硝酸 - Salpetersäure - nitric acid
硫酸 - Schwefelsäure - sulfuric acid
氨 - Ammoniak - ammonia
铵 - Ammonium - ammonium (NH4+)
过氧化氧 - Wasserstoffperoxid - hydrogen peroxide
烃 - Kohlenwasserstoff (KWS) - hydrocarbon
烷烃 - Alkan - alkane
甲烷 - Methan - methane
辛烷 - C8H18
烯烃 - Alken - alkene
乙烯 - Ethen - ethene
炔烃 - Alkin - alkine
乙炔 - Ethin - ethine
醇 - Alkohol - alcohol
甲醇 - Methanol - methanol
醛 - Aldehyd - aldehyde
乙醛 - Ethanal - ethanal
酮 - Keton - ketone
丙酮 - Propanon - propanone
苯 - Benzol - benzene
酚 - Phenol - phenol
蛋白质 - Protein Eiweiss - protein
酶 - Enzym - enzyme
氨基酸 - Aminosäure - amino acid
淀粉 - Stärke - starch
葡萄糖 - Traubenzucker Glukose - glucose
油脂 - Fett - fat
甘油 - Glycerin - glycerin
脂肪酸 - Fettsäuren - fatty acid
摩尔 - Mol - mole
阿附加的罗常数 - Avogadro-Konstante - Avogadro constant
Disclaimer: This is list is very very random and far from complete, but tell me if you were looking for something specific that you couldn’t find.
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Nov 12
There will be a new category called “Random” with some random thoughts related or not so related to learning Chinese.
All right, so you learned that in Chinese a student is called 学生 right? But I’m afraid you will most likely not come over this word, because there are so many derivatives for different types of students. Basically 生 symbolizes student and what stands before it symbolizes the more exact meaning.
- 男生 (nán shēn): male student, is often used as a synonym for boy
- 女生 (nǚ shēng): female student, often used as a synonym for a girl
- 小学生 (xiǎo xué shēng): elementary school student; elementary school consists of 6 years in China
- 中学生 (zhōng xué shēng): middle school student; consists of 6 years and is divided in 2×3 years
- 初中生 (chū zhōng shēng): junior high school student; the first 3 years of middle school
- 高中生 (gāo zhōng shēng): high school student; the worst 3 years of middle school ;-)
- 大学生 (dà xué shēng): college student
- 本科生 (běn kē shēng): undergraduate
- 研究生 (yán jiū shēng): graduate
- 硕士生 (shuò shì shēng): master student
- 博士生 (bó shì shēng): Ph.d. student, postgraduate;
- 新生 (xīn shēng): new student
- 考生 (kǎo shēng): student that is taking an exam; yeah, exams are so often and important that they have an extra name
- 毕业生 (bì yè shēng): graduate, those who just left/ graduated from a school.
- 留学生 (liú xué shēng): exchange student
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Nov 10
This is a follow-up to the repetitive methods. Again, don’t forget the three aspects of a character you have to learn:
- the pronunciation
- the writing
- the meaning
Now, here are some creative learning methods for learning new characters.
Analyze its structure
When you encounter a new character, this is something you should always do! Ask yourself: Is there a radical? Where is the radical positioned? How could I divide the character? Left - right (左右结构) or top - bottom (上下结构) or even left - middle - right or top - middle - bottom or is one part surrounded by another part (包围结构)? Before you get all confused and wonder what I’m talking about, here are some examples:
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Nov 10
One of the biggest pain of learning Chinese is memorizing all these characters. There are a hundreds, even thousands of characters one needs to master, in order to read a normal Chinese text. When you are learning a new character, always remember there are three independent aspects you have to learn:
- the pronunciation
- the writing
- the meaning
This is a main difference to English, where you can usually write words you know the pronunciation of. So make sure you covered all three aspects when you are learning a new Chinese character.
In this post I will cover repetitive methods, meaning they are rather monotonous or “traditional” if you want. If you are looking for more creative methods read my follow up. However, these are all methods with which I learned most new Chinese characters:
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Nov 08
An essential skill for learning Chinese is to be able to look up Chinese characters in a dictionary. There are two possible scenarios:
- You know the pronunciation and meaning of a character, but have to look up how to write it. This might happen when you are writing Chinese.
- You know how the character looks like, but you don’t know its pronunciation and meaning. This might happen when you are reading Chinese.
In this article I will discuss the second scenario, because the first one is like using any other dictionary: the characters in the dictionary are in alphabetical order and you can see the pinyin at the top of the page. However, you have to be able to read through the explanations of the different characters with the same pronunciation, in order to find the character you are looking for.
The second case is more difficult, because you have to know how to break down a character and know the various steps for looking it up. Moreover, there are some basic skills, you need to learn first: (You can skip this section if you already know all this)
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Oct 18
Since my posts with the Chinese names for boys and girls seemed to be quite helpful, I will write about some common Chinese surnames this time. The major difference that strikes me in Chinese names is that the same surname can be found among a lot of people, while the first name (or more exactly the whole name) is very unique. In German or English it is the opposite way, that there are common first names, like Jenny, Kathrin, Alex, while surnames are more unique.
Maybe someone can explain this phenomenon?
Here are some very common surnames, that I suggest you to learn, even if you just started studying Chinese. Then you will see that you can already read most people’s surnames, and you can better address your Chinese teacher or Chinese friends. They are sorted by their frequency, from various sources as well as from my own feeling:
Top 10:
李 lǐ
王 wáng
张 zhāng
刘 liú
陈 chén
杨 yáng
赵 zhào
周 zhōu
郭 guō
朱 zhū
10 more common family names:
黄 huáng
吴 wú
徐 xú
孙 sūn
马 mǎ
胡 hú
林 lín
何 hé
高 gāo
莫 mò
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Oct 07
I started a new category with important vocabulary. I always found it much easier to learn vocabulary on a particular topic rather than memorizing random new vocabulary from a text. With this approach you can learn with mind maps very easily. Just put the topic in the middle and write and connect the relevant vocabulary around it.
Today’s topic will be countries in the world, since it is sometimes difficult to remember the Chinese translations of the English country names. But first let’s look at the continents:
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