Here is an overview of some common types of Chinese dictionaries. While you are learning Chinese, you may have to use one or another so I hope this helps you to find out which dictionary you need to use (or buy…).
双语词典
What everyone who is learning a foreign language needs: a dictionary for two languages. For example 英汉/汉英词典 (english-chinese/chinese-english) or 德汉/汉德词典 (german-chinese/chinese-german). It contains translations for the characters as well as for words and expressions.
新华字典
The standard Chinese dictionary. Very compact and handy for looking up words. Note however that it is a 字典, which means there are explanations for characters and some common expressions, but there is no specific list of all possible compound words and expressions. In order to use it, you already need to have a certain level of Chinese so that you understand the Chinese explanations.
词典
This dictionary is more detailed than the previous one. This means you will find less common characters in it, too. In addition there is a list of many possible expressions and compound words with the current character. The one I’m using and recommend is 现代汉语词典.
成语词典
Chengyu are Chinese idioms, one which I focus on my site, too. There are so many of them, that an entire dictionary exists. It contains their explanation, as well as their origin, an example sentence and synonyms, antonyms.
小学生词典
As the name already says this dictionary is for schoolchildren. Nevertheless, I believe it is very helpful for language learners, too, because it also contains the stroke order for each character and the most common expressions. Furthermore it is compact and clearly structured, because it only contains important, easy and commonly used characters. And maybe the illustrations in it will improve your learning experience…
同义词/反义词词典
As the name already says this dictionary contains synonyms and antonyms. It is often used by students and comes handy for writing an essay or expanding your vocabulary.
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